Classic Shell Scripting Год выпуска: 2005 Автор: Nelson H.F. Beebe, Arnold Robbins Издательство: O'Reilly ISBN: 0-596-00595-4 Формат: CHM Качество: OCR без ошибок Количество страниц: 560 Описание: An essential skill for Unix users and system administrators, shell scripts let you easily crunch data and automate repetitive tasks, offering a way to quickly harness the full power of any Unix system. This book provides the tips, tricks, and organized knowledge you need to create excellent scripts, as well as warnings of the traps that can turn your best efforts into bad shell scripts.
Table of Contents
Copyright Foreword Preface Intended Audience What You Should Already Know Chapter Summary Conventions Used in This Book Code Examples Unix Tools for Windows Systems Safari Enabled We'd Like to Hear from You Acknowledgments Chapter 1. Background Section 1.1. Unix History Section 1.2. Software Tools Principles Section 1.3. Summary Chapter 2. Getting Started Section 2.1. Scripting Languages Versus Compiled Languages Section 2.2. Why Use a Shell Script? Section 2.3. A Simple Script Section 2.4. Self-Contained Scripts: The #! First Line Section 2.5. Basic Shell Constructs Section 2.6. Accessing Shell Script Arguments Section 2.7. Simple Execution Tracing Section 2.8. Internationalization and Localization Section 2.9. Summary Chapter 3. Searching and Substitutions Section 3.1. Searching for Text Section 3.2. Regular Expressions Section 3.3. Working with Fields Section 3.4. Summary Chapter 4. Text Processing Tools Section 4.1. Sorting Text Section 4.2. Removing Duplicates Section 4.3. Reformatting Paragraphs Section 4.4. Counting Lines, Words, and Characters Section 4.5. Printing Section 4.6. Extracting the First and Last Lines Section 4.7. Summary Chapter 5. Pipelines Can Do Amazing Things Section 5.1. Extracting Data from Structured Text Files Section 5.2. Structured Data for the Web Section 5.3. Cheating at Word Puzzles Section 5.4. Word Lists Section 5.5. Tag Lists Section 5.6. Summary Chapter 6. Variables, Making Decisions, and Repeating Actions Section 6.1. Variables and Arithmetic Section 6.2. Exit Statuses Section 6.3. The case Statement Section 6.4. Looping Section 6.5. Functions Section 6.6. Summary Chapter 7. Input and Output, Files, and Command Evaluation Section 7.1. Standard Input, Output, and Error Section 7.2. Reading Lines with read Section 7.3. More About Redirections Section 7.4. The Full Story on printf Section 7.5. Tilde Expansion and Wildcards Section 7.6. Command Substitution Section 7.7. Quoting Section 7.8. Evaluation Order and eval Section 7.9. Built-in Commands Section 7.10. Summary Chapter 8. Production Scripts Section 8.1. Path Searching Section 8.2. Automating Software Builds Section 8.3. Summary Chapter 9. Enough awk to Be Dangerous Section 9.1. The awk Command Line Section 9.2. The awk Programming Model Section 9.3. Program Elements Section 9.4. Records and Fields Section 9.5. Patterns and Actions Section 9.6. One-Line Programs in awk Section 9.7. Statements Section 9.8. User-Defined Functions Section 9.9. String Functions Section 9.10. Numeric Functions Section 9.11. Summary Chapter 10. Working with Files Section 10.1. Listing Files Section 10.2. Updating Modification Times with touch Section 10.3. Creating and Using Temporary Files Section 10.4. Finding Files Section 10.5. Running Commands: xargs Section 10.6. Filesystem Space Information Section 10.7. Comparing Files Section 10.8. Summary Chapter 11. Extended Example: Merging User Databases Section 11.1. The Problem Section 11.2. The Password Files Section 11.3. Merging Password Files Section 11.4. Changing File Ownership Section 11.5. Other Real-World Issues Section 11.6. Summary Chapter 12. Spellchecking Section 12.1. The spell Program Section 12.2. The Original Unix Spellchecking Prototype Section 12.3. Improving ispell and aspell Section 12.4. A Spellchecker in awk Section 12.5. Summary Chapter 13. Processes Section 13.1. Process Creation Section 13.2. Process Listing Section 13.3. Process Control and Deletion Section 13.4. Process System-Call Tracing Section 13.5. Process Accounting Section 13.6. Delayed Scheduling of Processes Section 13.7. The /proc Filesystem Section 13.8. Summary Chapter 14. Shell Portability Issues and Extensions Section 14.1. Gotchas Section 14.2. The bash shopt Command Section 14.3. Common Extensions Section 14.4. Download Information Section 14.5. Other Extended Bourne-Style Shells Section 14.6. Shell Versions Section 14.7. Shell Initialization and Termination Section 14.8. Summary Chapter 15. Secure Shell Scripts: Getting Started Section 15.1. Tips for Secure Shell Scripts Section 15.2. Restricted Shell Section 15.3. Trojan Horses Section 15.4. Setuid Shell Scripts: A Bad Idea Section 15.5. ksh93 and Privileged Mode Section 15.6. Summary Appendix A. Writing Manual Pages Section A.1. Manual Pages for pathfind Section A.2. Manual-Page Syntax Checking Section A.3. Manual-Page Format Conversion Section A.4. Manual-Page Installation Appendix B. Files and Filesystems Section B.1. What Is a File? Section B.2. How Are Files Named? Section B.3. What's in a Unix File? Section B.4. The Unix Hierarchical Filesystem Section B.5. How Big Can Unix Files Be? Section B.6. Unix File Attributes Section B.7. Unix File Ownership and Privacy Issues Section B.8. Unix File Extension Conventions Section B.9. Summary Appendix C. Important Unix Commands Section C.1. Shells and Built-in Commands Section C.2. Text Manipulation Section C.3. Files Section C.4. Processes Section C.5. Miscellaneous Programs Chapter 16. Bibliography Section 16.1. Unix Programmer's Manuals Section 16.2. Programming with the Unix Mindset Section 16.3. Awk and Shell Section 16.4. Standards Section 16.5. Security and Cryptography Section 16.6. Unix Internals Section 16.7. O'Reilly Books Section 16.8. Miscellaneous Books Colophon Index
Preface
The user or programmer new to Unix is suddenly faced with a bewildering variety of programs, each of which often has multiple options. Questions such as "What purpose do they serve?" and "How do I use them?" spring to mind. This book's job is to answer those questions. It teaches you how to combine the Unix tools, together with the standard shell, to get your job done. This is the art of shell scripting. Shell scripting requires not just a knowledge of the shell language, but also a knowledge of the individual Unix programs: why each one is there, and how to use them by themselves and in combination with the other programs. Why should you learn shell scripting? Because often, medium-size to large problems can be decomposed into smaller pieces, each of which is amenable to being solved with one of the Unix tools. A shell script, when done well, can often solve a problem in a mere fraction of the time it would take to solve the same problem using a conventional programming language such as C or C++. It is also possible to make shell scripts portable—i.e., usable across a range of Unix and POSIX-compliant systems, with little or no modification. ....
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