Hess Kenneth / Хесс Кеннет - Practical Linux System Administration: A Guide to Installation, Configuration, and Management / Практическое системное администрирование Linux: Руководство по установке, настройке и управлению [2023, PDF, EPUB, ENG]

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Preface ix
1. Getting Started with Linux 1
Installing Linux 1
Preparing Your System for Linux 1
Downloading and Installing Linux 2
Getting to Know Your New Linux System 4
Learning the CLI 6
pwd 7
cd 7
ls 8
Starting, Rebooting, and Shutting Down a Linux System 9
Starting a System 9
Restarting a System 10
Shutting Down a System 10
Summary 10
2. Working with Permissions and Privileged Accounts 11
Working as a Regular User 11
Working as the Root User 12
Logging in as Root 12
Using the su Command 12
Using the sudo Command 14
Creating a Sudoer 14
Reading and Modifying Permissions 15
Read, Write, and Execute 15
Numerical Permission Values 16
Group Permissions 16
Bringing Permissions into Focus 16
Changing File Permissions 18
Symbolic Mode 18
Numeric Mode 21
Default Permissions Explained: umask 22
Summary 23
3. Customizing the User Experience 25
Altering Home Directory Options 25
Login Versus Nonlogin Shells 26
/etc/bashrc 27
/etc/profile 27
.bashrc 28
.bash_profile 29
.bash_logout 29
The /etc/skel Directory 29
Customizing the Shell Prompt 30
Summary 32
4. Managing Users 33
User and Group ID Numbering Conventions 34
Creating User Accounts 34
Adding Users with useradd 34
Adding Users with adduser 36
Modifying User Accounts 36
Adding a Supplementary Group 37
Changing the User Comments Field 38
Setting an Expiration (Expiry) Date on an Account 38
Changing a User’s Login Shell 38
Removing User Accounts 39
Forcing Password Changes 40
Handling Service Accounts 41
Managing Groups Rather Than Users 42
Summary 44
5. Connecting to a Network 45
Plugging into a Network 45
Static IP Addressing 46
Dynamic IP Addressing 47
Networking and Security 48
Preparing a System for Network Connectivity 49
Pruning Your Systems 49
Securing Network Daemons 50
The Secure Shell Daemon 50
Summary 55
6. Installing and Uninstalling Software 57
Updating Your System 58
Applying Red Hat Enterprise Linux–Based System Updates 58
Applying Debian-Based System Updates 59
Installing Software from Repositories 60
Installing an Application 60
Uninstalling an Application 62
Installing and Uninstalling Individual Software Packages 64
Installing an Individual Software Package Manually 64
Uninstalling Individual Software Packages 67
Finding Package Dependencies 68
Installing Software from Source Code 70
Satisfying Prerequisites: Building a Development Environment 70
Download, Extract, Compile, and Install Your Software 72
Uninstalling a Source-Installed Software Package 74
Summary 75
7. Managing Storage 77
Administering Linux Storage 77
Disks 78
Filesystems 78
Mounting and Mount Points 78
Physical and Logical Volumes 79
Checking Space 80
Swap Space 81
RAM-Based Temporary Space (ramfs and tmpfs) 81
Adding a New Disk to a System 82
Installing the Disk 83
Prepping the Disk for Use 83
Implementing Logical Volumes 86
Decommissioning and Disk Disposal 92
Notification 92
Scream Test 93
Power Down 93
Disk Wiping 93
Unracking and Palletizing 93
Disposal 94
Summary 94
8. Maintaining System Health 95
Keeping Your System Clutter-Free 95
Cleaning the /tmp Directory 95
Making /home a Livable Space for Everyone 97
Decluttering Shared Directories 101
Deduplicating Files with fdupes 101
Tackling /home File Sprawl with Quotas 103
Patching Your Way to a Healthy System 105
Patching a Red Hat Enterprise Linux–Based System 105
Patching a Debian-Based Linux System 107
Securing Your Systems 108
Maintaining User and Group Accounts 109
Setting Up a Naming Convention 110
Creating Account Retention Policies 111
Retiring Group Accounts 113
Monitoring System Health 114
Gathering System Activity Reports 116
Formatting System Activity Reports 118
Summary 119
9. Monitoring Your System 121
Maintaining Vigilance on CPU, Memory, and Disk
Performance and Capacity 121
Tracking CPU Usage 122
Exploring sysstat Monitoring 128
Reporting System Activity 128
Displaying System Activity Data in Multiple Formats 130
Monitoring System I/O Device Loading with iostat 130
Kicking It Old-School with the tapestat Utility 132
Collecting Processor Statistics 132
Monitoring Linux Tasks with pidstat 133
Watching Windows-Compatible Filesystem Statistics with cifsiostat 134
Summary 135
10. Scripting and Automation 137
Answering the Question: Why Automate? 137
Automating Yourself Out of a Job 138
Creating Scripts 139
Outlining Your Scripts 139
Writing a Script from an Outline 140
Scheduling Tasks 141
Using cron to Schedule Tasks 141
Preventing Time Drift with the Network Time Protocol 142
Summary 144
11. Deploying Samba for Windows Compatibility 145
Planning Your Samba Environment 146
Installing Samba and Its Dependencies 148
Adding Samba Users to Your System 149
Managing Samba Users as a Group 149
Providing Services to Mac and Windows Clients 150
Serving Network Storage to Desktop Clients 150
Configuring a Shared Directory 152
Browsing for Shared Directories 153
Mounting Windows System’s Shares 155
Summary 156
12. Troubleshooting Linux 157
Reviving the Operating System 157
De-escalating a Kernel Panic 158
Scraping System Logs 159
Unraveling Software Problems 161
Inspecting System Logs 161
Checking Application Logs 161
Leveraging Internal Application Checks 162
Managing Firewalls and Their Rules 163
Removing and Reinstalling Software 163
Rebooting Your System 164
Dealing with Hardware Failures 164
Preemptively Troubleshooting Hardware 165
Gathering System Hardware Information 166
Creating Automated Security Checks 170
Summary 172
13. Securing Your System 173
Protecting the Root Account 173
Finding the Balance Between Security and Usability 174
Minimizing Your System’s Attack Surface 174
Creating and Securing User Accounts 177
Implementing Advanced Security Measures 183
Applying STIG Security Controls 184
Installing and Using Security Tools 184
Responding to Security Incidents 192
Creating a Written Security Policy 193
Confirming the Breach 193
Identifying the Malicious Actor(s) 194
Taking Corrective Actions 194
Summary 194
14. Continuing Your Education 195
Training Internally 195
Seeking Certification 196
Preparing for a Certification Exam 196
Taking the Exam 197
Educating Yourself 197
Formalizing Your Education 198
Using Your Job as Education 199
Summary 200
15. Making Career Moves 201
Starting Your Own Business 202
Facing Self-Employment Realities 202
Managing Employees 202
Hiring Contractors 203
Moving into Corporate Management 203
Challenging Yourself 204
Managing Your New Role 204
Changing with the Job Market 205
Searching Online Job Boards 205
Working Remotely 208
Learning How to Communicate 209
Leaving Your Current Position 212
Writing the Resignation Letter 212
Leaving Your Job 214
Summary 215
Index 217