Hausenblas M. / Хаузенблас М. - Learning Modern Linux: A Handbook for the Cloud Native Practitioner / Изучение современного Linux: Руководство для специалиста по облачным технологиям [2022, PDF, ENG]

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Оглавление

Preface ix
1. Introduction to Linux 1
What Are Modern Environments? 1
The Linux Story (So Far) 3
Why an Operating System at All? 3
Linux Distributions 5
Resource Visibility 5
A Ten-Thousand-Foot View of Linux 8
Conclusion 9
2. The Linux Kernel 11
Linux Architecture 12
CPU Architectures 14
x86 Architecture 15
ARM Architecture 15
RISC-V Architecture 16
Kernel Components 16
Process Management 17
Memory Management 19
Networking 20
Filesystems 21
Device Drivers 21
syscalls 22
Kernel Extensions 26
Modules 26
A Modern Way to Extend the Kernel: eBPF 27
Conclusion 29
3. Shells and Scripting 31
Basics 32
Terminals 33
Shells 33
Modern Commands 41
Common Tasks 45
Human-Friendly Shells 48
Fish Shell 49
Z-shell 53
Other Modern Shells 54
Which Shell Should I Use? 55
Terminal Multiplexer 55
screen 56
tmux 56
Other Multiplexers 60
Which Multiplexer Should I Use? 61
Scripting 62
Scripting Basics 62
Writing Portable bash Scripts 64
Linting and Testing Scripts 67
End-to-End Example: GitHub User Info Script 68
Conclusion 70
4. Access Control 73
Basics 74
Resources and Ownership 74
Sandboxing 75
Types of Access Control 75
Users 76
Managing Users Locally 77
Centralized User Management 80
Permissions 80
File Permissions 81
Process Permissions 85
Advanced Permission Management 87
Capabilities 87
seccomp Profiles 89
Access Control Lists 89
Good Practices 89
Conclusion 90
5. Filesystems 93
Basics 94
The Virtual File System 97
Logical Volume Manager 99
Filesystem Operations 101
Common Filesystem Layouts 103
Pseudo Filesystems 104
procfs 104
sysfs 106
devfs 107
Regular Files 108
Common Filesystems 109
In-Memory Filesystems 110
Copy-on-Write Filesystems 111
Conclusion 112
6. Applications, Package Management, and Containers 115
Basics 116
The Linux Startup Process 117
systemd 119
Units 120
Management with systemctl 121
Monitoring with journalctl 122
Example: scheduling greeter 122
Linux Application Supply Chains 124
Packages and Package Managers 126
RPM Package Manager 126
Debian deb 129
Language-Specific Package Managers 131
Containers 131
Linux Namespaces 133
Linux cgroups 135
Copy-on-Write Filesystems 138
Docker 138
Other Container Tooling 142
Modern Package Managers 143
Conclusion 143
7. Networking 145
Basics 146
The TCP/IP Stack 147
The Link Layer 149
The Internet Layer 152
The Transport Layer 160
Sockets 164
DNS 165
DNS Records 168
DNS Lookups 170
Application Layer Networking 173
The Web 173
Secure Shell 177
File Transfer 178
Network File System 181
Sharing with Windows 181
Advanced Network Topics 181
whois 181
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 182
Network Time Protocol 183
Wireshark and tshark 183
Other Advanced Tooling 184
Conclusion 185
8. Observability 187
Basics 188
Observability Strategy 188
Terminology 189
Signal Types 190
Logging 191
Syslog 194
journalctl 196
Monitoring 197
Device I/O and Network Interfaces 199
Integrated Performance Monitors 201
Instrumentation 204
Advanced Observability 205
Tracing and Profiling 205
Prometheus and Grafana 207
Conclusion 210
9. Advanced Topics 213
Interprocess Communication 214
Signals 214
Named Pipes 216
UNIX Domain Sockets 217
Virtual Machines 217
Kernel-Based Virtual Machine 218
Firecracker 219
Modern Linux Distros 220
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS 221
Flatcar Container Linux 221
Bottlerocket 221
RancherOS 222
Selected Security Topics 222
Kerberos 222
Pluggable Authentication Modules 223
Other Modern and Future Offerings 223
NixOS 224
Linux on the Desktop 224
Linux on Embedded Systems 225
Linux in Cloud IDE 225
Conclusion 225
A. Helpful Recipes 229
B. Modern Linux Tools 235
Index 237