Practical 3D Printers: The Science and Art of 3D Printing Год: 2012 Автор: Brian Evans Жанр: CG 3D Graphics Издательство: Apress ISBN: 978-1430243922 Язык: Английский Формат: PDF Качество: Изначально компьютерное (eBook) Интерактивное оглавление: Да Количество страниц: 332 Описание: So what is a 3D printer? It's a device you can either buy or build to make parts, toys, art, and even 3D images captured by a sensor or modeled in software. Maybe you have one, or maybe you're thinking about buying or building one, but once you have one, what can you do with it? Practical 3D Printers takes you beyond building the printer to calibrating it, customizing it, and creating amazing models with it, including 3D printed text, a warship model, a robot body, windup toys, and arcade-inspired alien invaders. First you'll learn about the different types of popular 3D printer models and the similarities and differences among them. You'll see how the MakerBot works, and how it's different from RepRap printers like the Huxley and Mendel as well as the whiteAnt RepStrap printer featured in the Apress book Printing in Plastic. You'll then learn how to find and create 3D models, and even how to create a 3D model from a 2D image. Next, you'll walk through building multi-part models with a steampunk warship example, working with meshes to build your own action heroes, and creating an autonomous robot chassis. Finally, you'll find all sorts of bonus projects to build, including wind-up walkers, faceted vases for the home, and a handful of useful upgrades to improve your 3D printer. In Practical 3D Printers, Brian Evans, the author of Beginning Arduino Programming, takes this topic deeper than any other 3D printing book with an discussion of various types of popular 3D printers, how to customize and calibrate them, and how to design and create models to put your printer to work. Whether you have the MakerBot, the Mendel, the whiteAnt, or any other 3D printer, with Practical 3D Printers, you'll be able to create amazing things with your printer.
Примеры страниц
Оглавление
■■Chapter 1: A World of 3D Printers................................................................................1 Tea. Earl Grey. Hot................................................................................................................... 1 How a 3D Printer Works.......................................................................................................... 2 Cartesian Robot.............................................................................................................................................. 2 Thermoplastic Extruder.................................................................................................................................. 3 Printbed.......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Linear Motion.................................................................................................................................................. 4 Endstops......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Frame............................................................................................................................................................. 6 A Survey of 3D Printers........................................................................................................... 7 RepRaps......................................................................................................................................................... 8 Box Bots....................................................................................................................................................... 10 RepStraps..................................................................................................................................................... 13 Upstarts........................................................................................................................................................ 14 Choosing the Right 3D Printer............................................................................................... 17 3D Printer Summary..................................................................................................................................... 17 Print Volume Comparison............................................................................................................................. 18 Buying a Kit or Building Your Own................................................................................................................ 18 Choosing the Right Material.................................................................................................. 20 Filament Materials........................................................................................................................................ 20 Filament Diameter........................................................................................................................................ 21 Buying Filament............................................................................................................................................ 21 Basic Tools and Supplies....................................................................................................... 22 Hand Tools.................................................................................................................................................... 22 Electronics Toolkit......................................................................................................................................... 23 Printing Supplies.......................................................................................................................................... 24 Summary............................................................................................................................... 25 ■■Chapter 2: 3D Printer Toolchain..................................................................................27 From a 3D Model to a 3D Object........................................................................................... 27 3D Models..................................................................................................................................................... 28 Slicing and Toolpath..................................................................................................................................... 28 Printer Control.............................................................................................................................................. 28 So, What’s a Toolchain?......................................................................................................... 29 Electronics............................................................................................................................. 29 RepRap Arduino Mega Pololu Shield............................................................................................................ 31 Sanguinololu................................................................................................................................................. 33 Printrboard.................................................................................................................................................... 34 Firmware............................................................................................................................... 35 Sprinter......................................................................................................................................................... 35 Marlin........................................................................................................................................................... 36 SJFW............................................................................................................................................................ 36 MakerBot...................................................................................................................................................... 37 Slicers................................................................................................................................... 37 Skeinforge.................................................................................................................................................... 38 SFACT........................................................................................................................................................... 39 Slic3r............................................................................................................................................................ 39 Printer Control....................................................................................................................... 40 ReplicatorG................................................................................................................................................... 40 Pronterface................................................................................................................................................... 43 RepSnapper ................................................................................................................................................. 44 Repetier-Host ............................................................................................................................................... 45 netfabb Engine . .......................................................................................................................................... 46 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 47 ■Chapter 3: Calibrating Your Printer ...........................................................................49 The First Steps . ................................................................................................................... 49 Talking to the Machine ................................................................................................................................ 50 Making Things Move .................................................................................................................................... 50 Going Home ................................................................................................................................................. 52 Heating Things Up ........................................................................................................................................ 53 Printing Overview . ............................................................................................................... 55 Downloading a Model .................................................................................................................................. 55 Slice the Model ............................................................................................................................................ 56 Print the Model ............................................................................................................................................ 56 Print Settings . ...................................................................................................................... 56 Printer and Filament .................................................................................................................................... 62 Print Speed . ................................................................................................................................................ 63 Print the Bunny ..................................................................................................................... 64 Calibration Prints . ................................................................................................................ 65 Starting on the Right Foot ............................................................................................................................ 66 Circle, Circle, Circle ...................................................................................................................................... 68 Pyramid of Power ........................................................................................................................................ 69 Firmware Settings . .............................................................................................................. 70 Initial Settings . ............................................................................................................................................ 71 Calibrating Axis Movement . ........................................................................................................................ 72 Mechanical Settings . .................................................................................................................................. 73 Uploading Firmware . .................................................................................................................................. 74 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 74 ■■Chapter 4: 3D Models from the Cloud.........................................................................75 Places to Find and Share 3D Models..................................................................................... 75 Thingiverse................................................................................................................................................... 75 Google 3D Warehouse................................................................................................................................... 82 Introducing Web-based Solid Modeling................................................................................. 87 3DTin............................................................................................................................................................ 88 Tinkercad...................................................................................................................................................... 89 Project: Alien Invaders........................................................................................................... 93 Drawing with Cubes..................................................................................................................................... 93 Extruding Shapes.......................................................................................................................................... 95 Saving and Exporting an STL for Printing..................................................................................................... 96 Wrapping It Up.............................................................................................................................................. 97 Summary............................................................................................................................... 97 ■■Chapter 5: 3D Haiku....................................................................................................99 Making a Vector Image.......................................................................................................... 99 Working with Inkscape............................................................................................................................... 100 Drawing Shapes with Inkscape.................................................................................................................. 101 Inkscape Path Operations........................................................................................................................... 103 Working with Text....................................................................................................................................... 105 Designing the 3D Haiku....................................................................................................... 106 Preparing the Vector Image........................................................................................................................ 107 Preparing the File....................................................................................................................................... 111 Extruding a Vector Image.................................................................................................... 113 Working with OpenSCAD............................................................................................................................ 113 Making Objects in OpenSCAD..................................................................................................................... 114 Add and Subtract Objects........................................................................................................................... 116 Move and Rotate Objects............................................................................................................................ 117 2D to 3D.............................................................................................................................. 119 Making Things Interesting.......................................................................................................................... 120 Wrapping It Up............................................................................................................................................ 126 Summary............................................................................................................................. 127 ■■Chapter 6: Steampunk Warship................................................................................129 Intermediate OpenSCAD Techniques................................................................................... 129 Variables..................................................................................................................................................... 129 Special Variables........................................................................................................................................ 130 Strings........................................................................................................................................................ 132 Modifiers..................................................................................................................................................... 133 Modules...................................................................................................................................................... 135 Designing the Steampunk Warship..................................................................................... 136 File Setup.................................................................................................................................................... 136 Setting Print Area........................................................................................................................................ 137 Creating Modules........................................................................................................................................ 138 Ship’s Hull........................................................................................................................... 138 Hull Sides.................................................................................................................................................... 140 Main Deck................................................................................................................................................... 141 Midship................................................................................................................................ 143 Sponsons.................................................................................................................................................... 144 Midship Cabin............................................................................................................................................. 145 Designing the Details.......................................................................................................... 147 Smokestacks.............................................................................................................................................. 147 Vents........................................................................................................................................................... 148 Main Turrets................................................................................................................................................ 151 Finishing Up the Model........................................................................................................ 152 Make Ready for Printing...................................................................................................... 158 Wrapping It Up..................................................................................................................... 159 Summary............................................................................................................................. 161 ■■Chapter 7: Action Hero Mashups..............................................................................163 A Mashup?.......................................................................................................................... 163 Basic OpenSCAD Mashups.................................................................................................. 164 Importing STLs........................................................................................................................................... 165 Operations on STLs..................................................................................................................................... 165 Putting Together a Simple Mashup............................................................................................................. 168 Complex OpenSCAD Mashups............................................................................................. 169 Starting the Mashup in OpenSCAD............................................................................................................. 170 Using MeshLab........................................................................................................................................... 170 Finishing the Mashup in OpenSCAD........................................................................................................... 174 Adding Support........................................................................................................................................... 176 Mashups in MeshMixer....................................................................................................... 177 Creating Parts............................................................................................................................................. 177 Mixing Meshes........................................................................................................................................... 181 Mashup Bonus Round......................................................................................................... 186 Making a Part in MeshMixer....................................................................................................................... 187 Finishing the Part in OpenSCAD................................................................................................................. 188 Wrapping It Up............................................................................................................................................ 190 Assembling the Minions...................................................................................................... 191 Summary............................................................................................................................. 192 ■■Chapter 8: Mini Sumo Robot.....................................................................................193 What Is Mini Sumo?............................................................................................................ 193 Working with SketchUp....................................................................................................... 196 SketchUp Workspace and Templates.......................................................................................................... 196 Drawing Basic Shapes................................................................................................................................ 197 Drawing Complex Shapes........................................................................................................................... 199 Navigation................................................................................................................................................... 202 Designing a Mini Sumo Robot............................................................................................. 204 Getting Started.................................................................................................................... 205 Battery Compartment................................................................................................................................. 205 Motor Mounts............................................................................................................................................. 207 Front End.................................................................................................................................................... 212 Wheels and Supports.......................................................................................................... 213 Motor Supports........................................................................................................................................... 213 Axle Mounts................................................................................................................................................ 215 Battery Clips............................................................................................................................................... 217 Cleaning and Detailing........................................................................................................ 218 Cleaning Up the Model............................................................................................................................... 218 Mounting Points.......................................................................................................................................... 219 Dozer Blade................................................................................................................................................ 220 Wrapping Things Up............................................................................................................ 223 Make Ready for Printing............................................................................................................................. 223 Putting It Together...................................................................................................................................... 224 Adding Electronics...................................................................................................................................... 225 Summary............................................................................................................................. 227 ■■Chapter 9: Bonus Round: More Projects...................................................................229 Project: Windup Walkers...................................................................................................... 229 Measuring the Mechanism......................................................................................................................... 230 Designing the Windup Model...................................................................................................................... 232 Gargoyle Walker.......................................................................................................................................... 237 Gnome Walker............................................................................................................................................ 239 Robot Walker.............................................................................................................................................. 243 Wrapping Things Up.................................................................................................................................... 246 Project: Squiggle Vases....................................................................................................... 249 Drawing Some Lines................................................................................................................................... 250 Extruding the Profile................................................................................................................................... 254 Remeshing in MeshLab.............................................................................................................................. 255 Cleaning Up the Vase.................................................................................................................................. 255 One Last Thing............................................................................................................................................ 257 Wrapping Things Up.................................................................................................................................... 257 Summary............................................................................................................................. 258 ■■Chapter 10: Bonus Round: Upgrades........................................................................259 Mechanical Upgrades.......................................................................................................... 259 Timing Belts and Pulleys............................................................................................................................ 260 Linear Bearings.......................................................................................................................................... 263 Leadscrews and Shaft Couplers................................................................................................................. 264 and other
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